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3-D imaging of Grain boundaries of laser ceramics
A group of researchers grom US and Japan have imaged the grain boundary of Nd3+:YAG laser ceramics by confocal Raman and fluorescence spectroscopic methods, evidence of inhomogeneous Nd3+ distribution across grain boundaries was shown. Their work suggests that Nd3+ segregation takes place at grain boundaries leading to self-fluorescence quenching, and a trend of increasing spatial inhomogeneities in Nd3+ concentration when the doping levels exceeds 3 at%.
Reference:
M. O. Ramirez, J. Wisdom, H. Li, Y. L. Aung, J. Stitt, G. L. Messing, V. Dierolf, Z. Liu, A. Ikesue, R. L. Byer, and V. Gopalan, "Three-dimensional grain boundary spectroscopy in transparent high power ceramic laser materials," Opt. Express 16, 5965-5973 (2008)
http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-16-9-5965
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